6、 不定代词
不具体指明代替特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。容易见到的不定代词有a11,both,each,every ,some,any, either2,neither3, each,one,no,none4,many,a few5,few,much,a little,little,another,other,others等;与含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代词,如somebody,someone7,something;anybody8,anyone,anything;nobody,no one,nothing;everybody,everyone,everything 。这类不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,但none和由some,any,no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语;every和no只能作定语。
3.一些不定代词的否定形式
部分否定:not all,not both; not ;not each
全部否定:none,not any,not one of..., not a...no,neither
4.不定代词的句法用途
all指两个以上的人或物,或代替不可数名词。
①作主语:All were present at the meeting10所有些人都出席了会议。
②作宾语:Sorry,I\'ve forgotten all about it. 对不起,我把此忘了。
③作定语:All the books should be handed in.所有些书都应交上来。
④作同位语:Do you know them-all?你都认识他们吗?
⑤作表语:That is all 1 want.那就是我所需要的。
some与any都具备名词和形容词的性质,都可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。
①可分别用作
A.主语:Some of them ale reading12.他们中有部分人在看书。
Is there any left?还有剩下的吗?
B.宾语:If you have any,please give me some.你若是有,请我点。
C.定语:I have some questions to ask you.我有几个问题要请告诉你。
Do you have any questions to ask me?你有问题要问吗?
②使用方法辨析
A.some多用于一定句,也可用于请求性的疑问句,表示希
望得到一定的回话: Would13 you have some tea?你想喝点茶吗?
B.some修饰可数名词单数时,表示某一,与数词连用时
表示大约:I,U come to see you some time next month. 下个月我会找个时间来看望你。 Some twenty students were late this morning.今天早上有大约二十名学生迟到。
C.any多用于否定句或疑问句中,也可用于条件句中;
D.any用于一定句时,表示任何:You Can take any book you like.你喜欢哪本,就拿哪本。
E1.any还可用作状语,表示程度:Are you any better today? 你今天感觉好点吗?
both,either与neither都指两个人或物
①可分别用作:
A.主语:Bothare broken14.两支都断了。
E/either is red.两支都是红的。
Neitheris mine.这两个都不是我的。
B.宾语:Illtake bothwith me.我把两个都携带。
You may take eitherwith you.这两个,随你拿一个。
Hell agree15 with neither of you.他不会赞同你两个的建议的。
C.定语:Both books are in English.
两本书都是用英语写的。
Y0u may read either book两本书,随你看哪一本。
Ill buy neither book这两本书我都不想买。
②both还可用作同位语:We are both students
我们两个都是学生。
We both like swimming.我们两个都爱游泳。
every与each都指每个
①every只能作定语:We read English every day.大家天天朗读英语。
each可分别作
A.定语:He went to see his parents each month. 他每月都去看望爸爸妈妈。
B.主语:Eachhas done his work.每一个都做好了功课。
C.宾语:She gave16 each three pencils.她给每个人三支铅笔。
D.同位语:They each have three pencils.他们每个人有三支铅笔。
②使用方法辨析
A.every含义与all相近,侧重全体;把事物一个个加以考虑时,多用each:
Every child has got11 a present.每一个孩子都拿到了礼物。
Each child has got a present.个个孩子都拿到了礼物。
B.every与all一样,指三者以上;each可指两者或两者以上:
There are trees on each side17 of the street. 街道的每旁边都有树。
C.作定语时,each只能与可数名词单数搭配。every不只可与单数名词搭配,还可与基数词+复数名词构成短语,表示每,,:every five days;并与body,。ne和thing构成复合不定代词:everybody,everything。
one代替前面已提到的可数名词,以防止重复: I haven,t got a computer.I11 buy one.我没电脑,我要买一个。
a可与定冠词连用:Do you like the one on the left?你喜欢左侧那个吗?
b可有我们的定语:Show me those small ones 给我看那些小的。
c可用来泛指人:One should devote18 oneselfto ones country 其他人都应为国家作贡献。
no与none都用于否定
①no只能作定语,修饰名词:I have no money with me.我身边没钱。
none等于名词,可用作主语:None of us call speak French19.大家大家都不会说法语。
宾语:He took20 none of the pens,他没拿走钢笔。
同位语:We none of us said21 anything.大家大家都没发言。
⑦none作主语,指不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数;指可数名词时,表示复数定义时,动词用复数形式;表示单数定义时,动词用单数形式:
No,lP ofs have got a dictionary22.
No,lP ofus has got a dictionary.
(1)many,a few,few与much,a little,little用于不可数名词 many ,a few ,few.用于不可数名词 much, a little, little
②这类词都叮用作定语:There are not many books on theshelf.架子上书不多。
She can speak a little French.她会讲几句法语:
Does he have much interest23 in art?他对艺术有兴趣吗?
也可用作主语:Few of US know how to do the work.
大家没几个人了解该怎么样做?
There is still much to be done.还有不少没干完的。
宾i~:How much do you want?你需要多少?
表语:How much is it?这要多少钱?
③使用方法辨析
many和much大多用于否定句或疑问句中;一定句中多用a
10t of:He has口lot offriends in America.他在美国有很多朋友。
another与other、others6
another与other、others
泛指
宾语:Show me another,please.请再拿一个给我看。
主语:Others are reading.有的人在看书。
定语:Show me another bag,please.请再给我看一个包。
定语:Other students are reading.有的学生在看书。特指:
主语:Two students spoke24 at the meeting.One was25 Mary.
The other Was Peter.有两个学生在会上发言,一个是
玛丽,另一个是彼得。
宾语:I only know one of the boys.I dont know the others.
这类男生,我只认识一个,其余的都不认识。
定语:As a result,one of his legs is shorter than the other one.
结果,他的一条腿比另一条要短。
定语:Three of them were in the room.Where were the other
boys?三个男生在房间里。其他男生在哪儿?
②another表示再、又意思时,可与数词+复数名词连用:
We11 stay there for another two days.
大家要在那里再呆两天。
5.复合不定代词的句法用途
①作主语:Someone is waiting for you outside.有人在外面等你。
②作宾语:We dont know anybody there.大家不认识那儿的其他人。
③作表语:ThatS nothing to me.我对此无所谓。
复合不定代词被定语修饰时,定语需放在它们的后面:
There is something wrong with the car.汽车有问题了。
I\'ve nothing important26 to do.我没重要的事.